When you think about God’s commandments, do you see a list of restrictions—or the loving instruction of the God who has already redeemed His people?
Key Verse:
“Jesus said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ This is the great and foremost commandment. The second is like it, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments depend the whole Law and the Prophets.” — Matthew 22:37–40 (NASB)
Background Context:
Exodus 20 is one of the foundational chapters of Scripture. At Mount Sinai, God gave His people the Ten Commandments, establishing foundational principles that would shape their worship, their families, their relationships, and their lives as His covenant people. These ten commandments were not the entirety of God’s instruction. They form the beginning of a much broader body of instruction that God would give His people concerning how they were to live as a people set apart for Him. In the chapters that follow, God continues teaching Israel about justice, worship, relationships, property, appointed times, care for others, and many other aspects of covenant life.
But God did not begin with a command. Before saying what Israel should do, He reminded them of what He had already done: “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery” (Exodus 20:2).
That order matters. God redeemed His people first and then taught His redeemed people how to live. As we step back from the individual commandments, we can see that they are neither ten unrelated rules nor the complete collection of God’s commandments. They provide a foundational framework that reveals God’s character and begins teaching His people what it looks like to love Him and love one another.
(Continued and expanded after scripture.)
Reflection on Exodus 20:
The Ten Commandments begin with grace. Israel was not standing at Sinai trying to earn deliverance from Egypt. God had already delivered them. He had rescued them through the Passover, brought them through the Red Sea, provided food and water in the wilderness, and brought them safely to Himself. Only then did He begin giving them His commandments. This establishes an important biblical pattern: obedience is not the root of our redemption; it is the fruit of it. We do not obey God so that He will save us. Having received His grace, we respond by learning to walk according to His ways.
The first four commandments focus our attention primarily on loving and honoring God. He alone is to be our God. We are not to redirect our worship through images or worship Him according to the practices of the nations. His name is to be treated as holy, and the seventh-day Sabbath He established at creation is to be remembered and kept holy. Together these commands call God’s people to wholehearted devotion. God does not ask merely to be included somewhere in our lives. He calls us to recognize Him as Lord and order our lives around Him.
The fifth commandment provides a natural bridge from our relationship with God to our relationships with others. God commands us to honor our father and mother. The home becomes one of the first places where we learn respect, responsibility, love, and proper response to authority. Our devotion to God is never intended to remain an abstract spiritual idea. It begins to become visible in the way we treat the people closest to us.
The remaining commandments show what love for our neighbor looks like in practical terms. We protect life rather than destroy it. We honor marriage rather than violate it, recognizing that sexual immorality harms others and also sins against our own bodies (1 Corinthians 6:18). We respect what belongs to others rather than taking it. We speak truth rather than damaging others through falsehood. Finally, God reaches beyond outward actions and addresses even our desires: “You shall not covet.” God’s instruction therefore reaches beyond outward behavior and into the attitudes and desires of our hearts.
This helps us understand Yeshua’s summary of God’s Law. When He said that the greatest commandments were to love God and love our neighbor, He was not replacing God’s earlier instruction with something new, nor was He suggesting that these two statements eliminated the many specific commandments God had given. In fact, Yeshua was quoting directly from that instruction—Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18. He was showing us the heart from which God’s commandments flow.
That distinction is important. Yeshua said, “On these two commandments depend the whole Law and the Prophets.” Love for God and love for others are not substitutes for God’s other instructions; they are the great principles upon which those instructions depend. The Ten Commandments clearly demonstrate these priorities, while the additional instructions God gives throughout Torah provide greater detail about what loving God and loving our neighbor looks like in the everyday circumstances of life.
This also corrects the common idea that love and God’s commandments somehow oppose one another. Scripture presents them as deeply connected. Yeshua said, “If you love Me, you will keep My commandments” (John 14:15). John likewise wrote, “For this is the love of God, that we keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome” (1 John 5:3). Obedience without love can become empty legalism, but claiming to love God while disregarding His instruction is equally inconsistent with Scripture. Genuine love desires to know what pleases God and then seeks to walk accordingly.
The closing verses of Exodus 20 reinforce the relationship between grace, holiness, and obedience. When Israel encountered God’s awesome presence, they were reminded that the God who had rescued them was also perfectly holy. Moses told them that the fear of God should remain before them “so that you may not sin.” God then instructed them how to approach Him in worship. They were not free to invent their own way into His presence. The holy God graciously provided the way.
That pattern ultimately points us toward Yeshua. We cannot earn salvation by keeping commandments because all of us have sinned and fallen short of God’s standard. We need a Redeemer. Just as God rescued Israel before teaching them how His redeemed people should live, He offers redemption to us through Messiah. Yeshua paid the penalty for our sin and provides the way for us to draw near to God. Grace does not then give us permission to disregard God’s ways. Instead, a redeemed heart increasingly desires to know Him, please Him, and walk according to His instruction.
Exodus 20 therefore gives us much more than ten isolated rules, but neither should we mistake these ten commandments for the entirety of God’s instruction. They establish a foundational framework that God immediately begins expanding in the chapters that follow. Through His commandments, God teaches His redeemed people how to live differently—how to worship Him, love one another, pursue justice, walk in holiness, and reflect His character before the nations.
God redeems. God reveals Himself. God teaches His people how to love Him. God teaches them how to love one another. God calls them to holiness. And God provides the way for them to draw near. The commandments are not a ladder by which we climb our way toward God. They are instruction given by the God who has already reached down to rescue His people.
Application:
- Remember that obedience is the fruit of redemption, never a substitute for it.
- Examine whether your love for God is reflected in your worship, priorities, time, and choices.
- Consider whether your love for others is visible in how you treat their lives, marriages, possessions, reputations, and well-being.
- Resist reducing God’s instruction to the Ten Commandments alone; continue studying the whole counsel of Scripture to understand how He calls His people to live.
- Ask God to reveal areas where you may profess love for Him while resisting His instruction.
- Thank Yeshua for providing redemption, and ask Him to help you live faithfully as one who has truly been redeemed.
Closing Prayer:
Father, thank You for loving and redeeming Your people before calling us to obedience. Help me never to treat Your commandments as a way to earn Your favor, nor to misuse Your grace as an excuse to disregard Your instruction. Teach me to love You with all my heart, soul, and mind and to love my neighbor as myself. Give me a desire to study all of Your Word so that I may understand Your ways and walk faithfully in them. Shape my worship, relationships, words, actions, and even the desires of my heart according to Your truth. Thank You for providing redemption and a way to draw near through Yeshua. May my obedience increasingly become the fruit of a life transformed by Your grace. In Yeshua’s name, Amen.
May the grace and peace of our Lord, Yeshua, be with you.
John Golda
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